i'd say the fuji is beginner friendly. you can look at the shutter speed knob and see it. there's no mistaking it for the aperture ring. there's a fully automatic mode and a manual mode and options in between, i'll explain more of that later.
my views of the x-t1 are that i love it. fuji updates the firmware in their cameras a few times a year to give us free new features on our old cameras. in december 2014 i got a firmware update on my x-pro 1 which was purchased in 2012. i personally wouldn't buy that camera today due to the age, but it's pretty cool of fuji to keep that camera alive. yes, i drank the fuji koolaid. you'll find reviews from people that just don't get the fuji hype, and you'll hear the same stories, good and bad, for every other camera or brand on the market. i can go on for hours about my fuji love, just ask my coworkers. but in the end you need to find what camera works best for you.
fuji has a rather small lens lineup, so they only offer one 18-55mm lens, i had it for awhile and liked it. it had good iq, by that i mean it was sharp enough, good tone, no major shadows or smearing in the corners. there's also a 16-55mm which is bigger, heavier, weather resistant, offers a wider aperture and is, of course, more expensive. 18-55 might be enough for you. but regardless of which camera you go with 18-55 is a pretty standard focal range for the kit lens, 55-200ish mm is usually another lens, and then there's usually another offering around 10-24mm. if you need to shoot wide and don't have a wide angle lens you could always shoot multiple shots for a panorama (like 2 or 3 rows of 3) and stitch the photos together later in software.
as for weather resistant, i've drug a non weather resistant camera and lens through 2 hurricanes and the aftermath of a tornado, not to mention endless amounts of rain, snow and mud. both still work and are (as far as i can tell) fungus free. i doubt sony would have had much of an issue either, most cameras today can withstand a decent amount of abuse.
the video is disappointing on the fuji, but i never shoot video so it wasn't an issue for me. definitely a good idea to figure out which features you must have and which would be nice, but not totally necessary, it'll make camera shopping easier. and yes, price is one of the biggest factors in what you buy. fuji has other cameras, cheaper but still similar to the x-t1 (x-e2, x-a1 and x-m1, as well as the older x-pro 1 and x-e1) but depending on your list of necessary features you might decide you'd be better off with the sony.
every digital camera out now should have an automatic mode and semi automatic modes like shutter priority and aperture priority. you usually see a mode dial with options like P (program), A or Av (aperture priority), S or Tv (shutter priority/time variable), and M (manual), and a few modes like sport, portrait, landscape, etc.. the fuji cameras don't really have that settings dial. instead there is a red A on the shutter knob and aperture knob. when you set the ring or knob to A the camera chooses that setting for you. if you put both on A then it's like having the camera in automatic. you still have to pick the iso.
here's a shot i took with the fuji x-pro 1 and 18-55mm. this was close to 2 years ago, before the x-t1 was out.
oxbow bend, grand tetons national park.
fuji x-pro 1 & 18-55mm @ 18mm
20s
f/2.8
iso 3200
put the camera on a tripod. the trick for still astro photos is to divide 500 by your focal length. that's your longest possible shutter speed. anything longer and you'll capture movement from the stars. so you set your shutter speed to something less than that number. choose your widest aperture, f/2.8 @ 18mm on the 18-55mm lens or 4.0 @ 55mm on the 18-55mm lens. set your iso to 3200. if the image is too dark then go higher than 3200. most people will mistake the noise for stars... set the focus to infinity, just hit the switch on the side of the lens and rotate the focus ring on the lens. use a remote or cable release to trip the shutter.
and some star trails:
fuji x-e1 & 14mm prime
30s
f/3.6
iso 400
taken in delaware. since the goal is to capture movement in star trails it really doesn't matter what your shutter speed and iso are so long as your exposure is bright enough. whether i shoot star trails or still shots of the milky way i usually fire off a few shots just to check the histogram. again, tripod, cable release/remote and manual focus to infinity.